Reality TV free essay sample

Manipulation: to control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to ones advantage† (thefreedictionary. com). This is what reality television manages to do to the world we live in today. Reality television in fact, is not always real. Many shows on television create a false sense of reality for their viewers. This influences people to think, act, and feel certain ways about others and the world around them. These reality television shows use stereotypes in many cases to continue to have an audience, and because people continue to watch these shows, these stereotypes are not only in television but they disseminate into society, too. Reality television does not only stereotype one subject, either. This analysis will help prove that reality television stereotypes gender, self image, and race. Many people might not really think these stereotypes are shown too often, and have an effect on them, but believe it or not, they do. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality TV or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although viewers think reality television does not use stereotypes, based on many findings, stereotyping of gender, self image, and race does exist in reality television, and is done because these shows know viewers will continue to watch, which leads to influencing the way society thinks. Gender is a huge stereotype in reality television. There are many reality television shows that portray women as stupid, catty, jealous, gold diggers, and easily manipulated. Jenifer L. Pozner discusses this topic in her book Reality Bites Back: the Troubling Truth about Guilty Pleasure TV. Chapter three of this book is titled â€Å"Bitches and Morons and Skanks, Oh My! : What Reality TV Teaches Us about Women† and the author goes into further detail of the stereotypes of women shown in reality television. Pozner provides her readers with examples from reality television shows, such as The Real Housewives of New Jersey, The Bachelor, Americas Next Top Model, The Hills, Flavor of Love, and many more to help prove the point that reality television stereotypes women. On shows like these women are shown getting in something called â€Å"catfights† often. These fights are over so many dumb things. Most of the time it is fighting over men. When viewers see things like this they begin to get the idea in their head that women are catty back stabbers. Pozner acknowledges the fact that â€Å"If millions of TV viewers believe that sisterhood is not powerful but spiteful, it becomes all that much harder for women to achieve any further social progress in America. † (Pozner 108). Her point is that women need not let these shows affect them in the real world. Not only are women shown as backstabbers, but they are also shown as stupid. Just about everyone today has had to herd of the saying â€Å"dumb blonde. † This saying is influenced by reality television but not only for blondes, but for women in general. Pozner emphasizes on the fact that â€Å"Time and time again, we learn that the female half of the population is cringe-inducingly stupid. † (Pozner 108). She continues to say, â€Å"In embarrassing scenes across unscripted subgenre, women are portrayed as ‘the dumber sex’† (Pozner pg. 109). Pozner also provides a great example from the popular show Bridezilla that mostly women watch. It is a quote from the show that say’s â€Å"Thinking is a waste of time. Thinking is for people who have no brains† (Pozner 109). This is only one example, but it clearly proves that reality television is trying to get this idea into women’s heads and make woman look stupid. Another example for the stereotypes of a â€Å"dumb blonde† and woman in reality television, are the shows The Simple Life with Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie, and The Newlyweds with Jessica Simpson. All of these women are publicized doing and saying stupid things on the shows. For example, Jessica Simpson was not sure if Chicken of the Sea Tuna was tuna or chicken, which made her look stupid. Both these shows are known to be reality television shows but they are actually scripted. According to Pozner, â€Å"Both Hilton and Simpson have said they were just ‘playing characters’ on The Simple Life and The Newlyweds. These media-savvy young women have intentionally played up their airhead images to heighten their fame and their already-overflowing bank accounts†. That is smart on their part to make more money, but these fake reality television shows that are making them look stupid, becomes a bigger issue in society because people are starting to think that women are stupid. Pozner compares these shows to the bigger social issues that they cause by saying â€Å"After all, less than one hundred years ago, American women were still denied the ability to vote, partly justified by the allegation that they were less intelligent than men† (Pozner 116). She says, â€Å"Today, class action lawsuits are still being levied against Fortune 500 corporations that refuse to promote women out of secretarial and retail positions based on institutional biases that consider women not as mentally prepared as men for achievement and leadership. † (Pozner 116). People might not think that it is a big deal that reality television portrays these girls and woman as stupid, but it is leaking into society and definitely affects the way companies and people think and act towards women. Pozner cites a fact that. According to Nielsen Research, U.  S. television viewership hit record highs in 2008 and continues to rise. By 2009, the average American watched more than thirty-one hours of TV per week† (Pozner 132). If people are watching this much reality television it will definitely change the way society thinks because they are so used to seeing women as stupid on these shows so they will think they are stupid in the real world too. Stereotypes of self-image in both men and women are very common in reality television as well. Most of the time these shows are more focused on the way woman look. Modeling shows such as Americas Next Top Model stereotype women as being very skinny and beautiful. According to Martin Eisend and Jana Moller, the authors of, The Influence of TV Viewing on Consumers Body Images and Related Consumption Behavior, â€Å"Particularly females have not only biased perceptions and beliefs regarding body shapes but they obviously feel pressure to conform to those standards as well† (Eisend and Moller 103). When woman see these â€Å"perfect† skinny and beautiful models on these shows, they strive to be like that, and sometimes it can be unhealthy mentally and physically. Eisend and Moller explain how â€Å"Biased media images of ideal female beauty seem to contribute to the fact that one woman out of every two is dissatisfied with her body. † (Eisend and Moller 103). The stereotypes of beautiful women on these shows are manipulating the way women and men are thinking. Just because someone is so perfect on these reality television shows makes the viewer feel like they are not good enough or not good looking enough. Jenifer L. Pozner discusses the issue of these stereotypes in the way woman look too. Pozner observed that, â€Å"nearly every reality TV dating show has reinforced the idea that women are unworthy of love and happiness if they are not stereotypically beautiful. † (Pozner 70). Pozner quotes Mike Fleiss, the executive producer of The Bachelor. He says, â€Å"When we are looking for the bachelorettes we take all kinds of things into consideration. There are physical tests, there are blood tests, but most important – they have to look good in the hot tub. † (Pozner 71). This proves that these stereotypes of beautiful woman are put on these shows on purpose. Pozner talks about a show that’s called More to Love and deals with overweight people instead of the ideal beautiful woman. The show attempted to help viewers accept fat people a little more but it still continued to stereotype a lot. Pozner argues, â€Å"Plus size women who embrace their curves; have happy dating histories, and enjoy exercise, vegetables, and sex exist in the real world – but not on this show. Instead, viewers were treated to near-constant shots of zaftig women chowing down on pizza or meat-on-a-stick and crying about how they’d be doomed to a spinster’s life if the three-hundred-pound male star didn’t pick them, More to Love was supposed to be an inspirational show for people who are not in the best shape or not as fit, but failed to be inspirational and stereotyped fat people even more. America’s Next Top Model tried to be inspirational with a woman named Toccara Jones, and failed to do so too. Toccara was one of the first plus size models on the show, 180 pounds and a 38DDD. Throughout the begging of the show she was a fan favorite with a lot of confidence. As the show got later in the season the judges started to dislike her, and Pozner says she was put on the show as a â€Å"plus-size participant, who are set up to be broken down. Pozner revels that, â€Å"Toccara is recognized as one of the most successful African American plus-sized models working today. To reality TV producers, she’s just a fat Black girl who needs to lose weight† (Pozner 82). This is a perfect example of how reality television stereotypes looks and body image. It is more than just a little bit of stereotyping too. There are much bigger social issues that are leaked out in to society because of this stereotyping. There was a girl named Luisel Ramos who worked for a modeling agency over seas. She suffered a heart attack and died right after a beauty pageant contest because of health issues. She only weighed 97 pounds and had a body mass index of 14. 5, which is very unhealthy. This is because modeling agencies want all of their models to be as skinny as possible even though there are health hazards and risks involved. Even though this terrible tragedy happened, modeling agencies still want there models on diets, keeping them from gaining weight, in fact, they want them on diets that make them lose even more weight. Pozner talks about a judge from Americas Next Top Model named Janice Dickinson who said, â€Å"I’m dying to find kids who are too thin. I’ve got 42 models in my agency and I’m trying to get them to lose weight. In fact, I wish they’d come down with some anorexia. I’m not kidding. I’m running into a bunch of fat-assed, lazy little bitches who don’t know how to do the stairs or get their butts into the gym†¦ Models are supposed to be thin. They’re not supposed to eat. † (Pozner 84) This goes to show people how ignorant and terrible these modeling agencies are, even after knowing people have died from being so skinny and unhealthy. This proves that it is not only in reality television anymore, but it is a terrible and dangerous stereotype in the real world, too. The stereotype of a so-called â€Å"ugly† person is another problem in reality television. It is not only weight that’s involved, but there are also stereotypes of people who are not good looking enough. Susan Boyle is a perfect example for this. Su Holmes wrote a scholarly article on this subject called â€Å"Dreaming a Dream: Susan Boyle and Celebrity Culture†. Holmes talks about Susan Boyle who was a contestant on the reality television show called Britain’s Got Talent. Susan Boyle is not the best-looking person out there and she suffered a mental defect since birth, but she has so much talent singing opera. Her singing surprised the judges and so many viewers around the world just because the average stereotyped â€Å"ugly† person on reality television normally is not perceived as having much talent. Holmes referenced a quote from Tanya Gold who was a journalist for the Guardian, which is a news company in the UK. Tanya Gold said, â€Å"Why are we so shocked when ‘ugly’ women can do things, rather than sitting at home weeping and wishing they were somebody else? † (Holmes 75). This is very true. It was only a big deal to people because she was ugly. If she were the â€Å"average good-looking woman† her talents and story would not even be a big deal. This is why reality television needs to stop with all of this stereotyping because it is interfering with the way people see things and interfering with true talent. A very big stereotype in reality television is race. Many viewers of reality television it seems as if minorities or other groups of people that are not white are stereotyped and pointed out in some way. Thomas E. Ford, a Western Michigan University graduate wrote a scholarly article titled, Effects of Stereotypical Television Portrayals of African-Americans on Person Perception. As read in the title, his article obviously talks about stereotyping African Americans. Ford examines that African Americans portrayed on reality television â€Å"were more likely to have low socioeconomic status† (Ford 267). This is a quite common conception that blacks are poor and that blacks don’t have the same socioeconomic status as whites do. If reality television continues to portray this idea, the minds of viewers and young people all across the world will slowly continue to believe ridiculous things like this. A more recent scholarly article written by Mark P.  Orbe called Representations of Race in Reality TV: Watch and Discuss also gives great example of stereotyping race in reality television. Orbe gives an example from the show The Real World on MTV. Many times in the show, black males are seen as violent. Orbe agree to the fact the society starts to think this way too. Orbe said, â€Å"Other work has drawn attention to representations of African Americans males on MTV’s The Real World, specifically to how it’s programming format contributes to the hegemonic power of racial images and reinforces societal fears of black men† (Orbe 350). These are only few examples of many, but clearly reality television does, in fact, stereotype race. To sum it all up, reality television needs to change its way of portraying the topics of gender, self-image, and race. The amount of reality television that people are watching is only making it worse, too. The more viewers that are shown these stereotypes, the more it will become a reality, which is something that has happened slowly over many years. There are most certainly alternatives to stereotyping and still maintaining viewers for reality television. If producers keep it up and keep stereotyping, society will continue to be influenced by it. As mentioned before, these examples are only a few of hundreds of examples of how reality television stereotypes. Although viewers think reality television does not use stereotypes, based on all of these examples and many more, stereotyping of gender, self image, and race does exist in reality television, and is done because these shows know viewers will continue to watch, which leads to influencing the way society acts, thinks, and feels towards others.

buy custom Domestic Uses of Relational Technology essay

buy custom Domestic Uses of Relational Technology essay For the past decades, relational technology has been perceived to be the most sufficient domestic data management system in the world and the data management foundation for information processing in the business entity. In order to accomplish the superpower nature and meet the rapid technological advancement in the economy, the US government needs to encourage its citizens to appreciate and put into use the relational technology for domestic uses. One challenge facing the entire economy in the US is the development of effective system in which decision making, by the relevant authority, will be relied on, managing of data resulting from this decision made and the communication of the information derived to the relevant groups (Alagi%u0107, 2001). The complexity and scope of these processes have grown and the inadequacy in pressure sensitivity has become apparent. Individuals need to focus their attention to other income generating activities therefore the use of relational technology will ease the situation. The creation of relational technology database will imply that there is effective communication and data management in the sector. Relational technology enhances efficient and timely report writing in the organization. Earlier on, the information processing system was based on a huge data access and mainframe systems which were limited to the IT professionals in mst of its undertakings. Databases that were available were majorly homegrown, and in order to effectively retrieve data, comprehensive database knowledge was required. In the case where users needed special report, drafting will be done by only the IT specialist. The implementation of the relational technology will minimize these inconveniences in the organization and provide relevant information to the management which will be used in decision making (Alagi%u0107, 2001). The current change in the economy has fostered for competition in the markets in order to acquire large market share. An organization needs to be competitively advantageous in an attempt to realize its strategic goals. Relational technology has enhanced availability of information to interest groups in the economy so as to satisfactorily market their activities. This is seen by companies producing up-to-date records of its financial statements. Relational technology has introduced the report writers who are user friendly as they entirely rely on SQL in data documentation, that is, the query language which is introduced by the relational technology (Sumathi, 2007). The users of the system will be able to produce their ad hoc queries concerning the database and file the reports effectively and within the stipulated timeframe. Simplicity in the operations and presentation of the organizational data is guaranteed. Unlike in thee past, organizations were not able to effectively simplify their data for use by both the corporate entity and the non-conversant client concerning the applied techniques. Trends of the organizational operability and the graphical representation of the financial statements are attributed to SQL system in the relational technology. SQL system enhances consistent use of the language in which varied questions concerning the diverse nature of data can be easily asked. SQL functions by analyzing the data provided in a standardized and simpler format; table containing only columns and rows. The simplicity of data documentation, however, came with a severe price. The inherency of the complexity in the relationships between the real world data does not, naturally, fit into the designed columns and rows. Therefore, data produced is usually fragmented into many tables where they are joined in order to effectively complete simple operations. Therefore, basing on the above facts on the importance of relational technology in the changing US economy, most business organizations will articulate to relational technology in an attempt to be competitively advantage in the economy. As such, management should be technological savvy in its operations and this will be achieved by incorporating the desired relational technology in the organization in order to realize its strategic goal and objectives. Buy custom Domestic Uses of Relational Technology essay

Digital natives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital natives - Essay Example It is quite alarming that modern people seem to forget that digital relationship is virtual and that it is quite different than the real relationship that exists outside the virtual world. The communication on the Internet can only remain at the stage of word exchange and there is no feeling and emotion attached to this type of communication. However, in face-to-face communication, one can hear every word that is articulated by the other person involved in the conversation. Perhaps, some people would argue that we could have video chat on the Internet to see the facial expression and hear the tone of the person. However, video still makes people feel far away from others. The reason why two people have video chat is that there is an unreachable distance between them and they hope to feel the intimacy of face-to-face communication via video chatting. Therefore, we can say that video is an imitation of face-to-face communication, an â€Å"unreal† in plain terms. Recently, I foun d out a kind of phenomenon that happens frequently with me as well as my friends. I usually add some people who go to the same school as me and make friends with them on the social networks, like Facebook and Wechat. I can chat with â€Å"net friend†, who is known for social network, very well, so I think this person has become my friend already. However, when I meet him or her on campus, the only thing that I feel is being strange and awkward instead of having great conversation as with normal friends.

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Death Penalty - Essay Example While some arguments are about moral judgments, others are disagreements about empirical trends, such as whether the death penalty is a more effective deterrent than life imprisonment. Ethical debate of the death penalty can be split into two main philosophical contexts, a deontological (a priori) context and a consequentiality context. A priori argument can be further subcategorized into a right argument and a virtue argument. Legal debate also generally falls into prior argument based on legal text. Consequentiality argument can be largely reduced to utilitarian formula through what amount to costs or benefits of the death penalty in terms of human lives and welfare. The deontological objection to the death penalty asserts that the death penalty is totally not correct by its nature, mostly due to the fact that it amounts to the violation of the right to life, which should be universal. In philosophical debate, however, the virtue school tends to argue that the death penalty is also "wrong" on the ground that the process is cruel and inhumane. It brutalizes the society at large and desensitizes and dehumanizes participants of the judicial process. In particular, it extinguishes the possibility of rehabilitation and redemption of the perpetrator(s). Deon tic justification to the death penalty, on the other hand, argues that the death penalty is "right" by nature, mostly on the ground that retribution against the violator of another life or liberty is "just". It naturally follows that not applying death penalty to heinous murder would be unjust. In the context of virtue, they point out that without proper retribution, the judicial system further brutalizes the victim or victim's family and friends, which amounts to secondary victimization. Moreover, the judicial process which applies the death penalty reinforces the sense of justice among participants as well as the citizens as a whole, and might even provide incentive for the perpetrator to own up to their crim e. Many argue that there are advantages of looking at capital punishment from a utilitarian perspective, that is, one which looks at costs and benefits for human welfare. The deontological debate helps to clarify the respective positions of the debate, but offers no way to reach consensus because each argument stands on different a priori ground. Similarly, legal argument can clarify a priori legal or constitutional grounds of the death penalty. However, it offers no insight over whether such law or constitutional clause can be justified on its merit. A utilitarian approach is attractive because the issue is more easily resolved through the examination of empirical evidence, such as evidence about the penalty's effectiveness as a deterrent. Opponents of the utilitarian approach argue that it is flawed for the very reason that it does not take into consideration the complicating ideas which deontology considers, such as the right to life or just retribution. The death penalty is often opposed on the grounds that, because every criminal justice system is fallible, innocent people will inevitably be executed by mistake, and the death penalty is both irreversible and more severe than lesser punishments. The supporters of the death penalty point out that lesser punishments, including life imprisonment, can also be imposed in error and incarceration is also irreversible if the innocent dies in prison. Moreover, whether money is an acceptable compensation for long period of incarceration is a matter of

Aid for trade is beneficial for developing countries but Coursework - 1

Aid for trade is beneficial for developing countries but disadvantageous for firms in the developed world - Coursework Example The guidelines are monitored and implemented by the WTO. Some of the International trade organizations include; the Uruguay round of trade, the OECD and the Irish fair trade network. An example of an anti-globalization movement is the global justice movement which is against organizations such as WTO and OECD which promote globalization. Aid for trade was meant to assist developing countries to expand their trade in order to eradicate social problems such aspoverty and poor firm performance. The objective of the international community constitutes mobilizing resources to address trade constraints among the LCDs to help them streamline their trade. However, most of the third world nations such as African countries do not have the capacity of undertaking large infrastructural projects on their own without capital funding from developed nations. On the other hand, firmsfrom developed nations benefit from offering aid for trade to developing nations because they increase their market share and at the same time they may be given mining rights as a favor in return (Wilkinson,2010). In general, firms from the developing nations tend to benefit more while giving aids while third world countries tend to be more economically unstable and dependent, always waiting to be given donations. International trade to beneficial to both trade partners; this explains the reason why it is largely embraced. Unfortunately, most exports from developing nations are agricultural-based, for example, tea that often faces unfavorable terms of trade whereby the income generated from exports is less than the import payments (Berndt, 2013). This results in situations where third world nations accumulate huge foreign debts with firms from developed nations. The balance of payments for developing countries is always a deficit, making these countries even more economically unstable. This clearly reveals that though there are rules on

Trends And Benefits Of Vegetarian Cuisine Sociology Essay

Trends And Benefits Of Vegetarian Cuisine Sociology Essay Vegetarian lifestyle has basically moved to the status of healthy living in western culture .Vegetarian people prefer to eat natural food with friendly menus considering a lot of benefits which could be as follows A diet of fruits and vegetables can prevent diseases and reduce lung cancer and avoid blockage as well of the heart diseases ,diabetes is another problem in the cities which can be again prevented by intake of fruits which create lot of fibres ,vegetarian is good for your skin as it does not have an side effect, vegetarian food is again chemical free as it does have any animal cells and fat in it , our body can easily digest vegetarian food as it does not much time comparing to the animal food and with this we improve our digestion as well . Facts about vegetarian cuisine In 1961, the Journal of the American Medical Association stated that ninety to ninety-seven percent of heart disease, the cause of more than half the deaths in the United States, could be prevented by a vegetarian diet. http://www.vegetarian-restaurants.net/OtherIonfo/HealthBenefit.htm A vegetarian diet is very healthy diet but it is important to make sure that it is well balanced as we need all kind of nutrients from all forms. A healthy vegetarian diet should include grains and cereals, fruits and vegetables, dairy and soya products legumes nuts and seeds It has been said that animal meat contains more protein than vegetarian food but some people still prefer to have to vegetarian food as it avoids lots of animal fat which can cause heart diseases and we can also avoid lots of calories. After all this benefit we still might have a doubt as to why we should be vegetarian than here are some points which are relevant. Youll live a lot longer. Vegetarians live about seven years longer, and vegans (who eat no animal products) about 15 years longer than meat eaters, according to a study from Loma Linda University. These findings are backed up by the China Health Project (the largest population study on diet and health to date), We can save our heart by reducing the intake of fat in our body which can reduce the risk of heart attack and related diseases Researchers like NACNE Report (National Advisory Committee on Nutrition Education)and also The World Health Organisation (1990) say that we can reduce or even avoid cancer and eating more vegetable would be protecting our body from all these diseases We can avoid intake of chemical that has been used on animals for some reason like to increase the growth of animals very fast or reproduction like the uk meat scandal 2007 which can also affect us in some ways Ecologists and environmentalists are concerned about protecting the living creatures on earth There might be many description of being vegetarian but In my project the main thing to highlight about being vegetarian is that people need to think what are they eating why are eating and how will it affect them,eating meat is not a bad practise its just people concept towards eating food , the kind of food they like the way they like, but its just being vegetarian will help them more when it comes to health , global warming, environment is concerned . We all know that people eat vegetarian or meat food due to n no of reasons here are few reason which we think would be possible Religion-there are certain rituals that we need to follow while having our daily food as it is very important. for e.g.- Hindu people cannot eat beef as it is their god and they worship cow which again makes an impact of consumption of food ,secondly Jainism- these are the kind of people that dont prefer to eat meat as they are purely vegetarian society and even prefer not to eat products that grows under earth for eg potatoes ,onion and many more things ,Islam -these people do not prefer to eat pork . Health issues -Eating lots of meat can lead to lots of fat which can again cause many diseases like heart blockage ,cancer ,diabetes and many more and all the doctors worldwide prefer not to eat meat in all these cases as they can lead to infection and poising as well which can lead to death. Eating meat does not mean it will affect the person but it can avoid the risk of diseases. Environment Raising lots of animals has lead to global warming which is again a threat to our environment .The emission of green house, chemical imbalance, water contamination has lead to problems. Trends and fashion In big societies people tend to have a vegetarian food as it has become a style statement and nowadays its been a trend of being vegetarian as people are creating awareness t to be vegetarian through magazines, yoga and other sources . Conscience some people have a feeling that if they turn to vegetarian they can avoid killing animals and they can make a lot of difference .Also some people conscious does not agree to eat meat products as they are not comfortable with it. Timeline (UNITED KINGDOMS) This paragraph will give us a brief idea of Vegetarianism as to when it started ? how it started and who were behind it . We will follow the history and find out various changed that was implicated in the vegetarian society 1452-leonardo da vinci ate no meat and he was entirely on vegetables. In 19 century Leonardo was great into his notebooks and he use to explore lots of things like reading books which made him vegetarian as he was against cruelty to animals http://www.ivu.org/history/davinci/hurwitz.html YEAR DEVELOPMENT 1847 Vegetarian Society was formed in the united kingdom 1848 Vegetarian Society launched its magazine, which is still in production today 1889 1908 Vegetarian Granose Foods, the UKs first major health and vegetarian food manufacturer, is established. In 1908 the international vegetarian union was formed ivu) formed. 1900-1914 Mahatma Gandhi and George Bernard Shaw join the London Vegetarian Society 1916 Wholly Vegetarian Dishes promoted for the first time by the Ministry of Food as part of food rationing programme in WW1 1920 Vegetarian Society holds its first summer school at Arnold House in Llanddulas that ran for five weeks 1941 Ministry of Food grants special concessions to vegetarians for extra rations of cheese and and nuts during WWII 1944 Vegan Society Formed 1961 First Cranks vegetarian food restaurant opened in Carnaby Steet in London 1967 Tiny organism used for the production of mycoprotein was identified 1969 Vegetarian Society became a limited company 1970 Vegetarian Society logo introduced 1981 Cauldron Food first UK manufacturer of chilled tofu established 1983 Cordon Vert Vegetarian Cookery School established 1986 Marlow food formed Quorn brand launched 1989 Goodlife Foods established 1991 Linda McCartney launches her vegetarian meal range 1991 First National Vegetarian Day organised 1999 Vegetarian food market exceeds  £400 million in value http://www.meat-free.org.uk/mf_timeline.aspx History The vegetarian society was formed on 30 Sep 1847 and it is more than 150 years old. A group of vegetarian activists joined together and formed this society with the means to make people realize the benefits of being vegetarian. The Vegetarian Messenger, on 15th October 1848. In that year, a new group was formed in London. By then, the society had grown to 478 members. a period of rapid growth for vegetarianism, with 34 vegetarian restaurants open in London out of a total of 52 in Britain as a whole. Bernard Shaw and Mahatma Gandhi formed the vegetarian society in London in 1888 to 1891. There was some concern that was raised among the vegetarian people stating that we need t o avoid killing animals and eating there flesh and this became a big debate indeed I 1944.but by 1909 and 1912 the vegetarian society did accept the support of eggs and milk products that comes naturally from an animals without harming them at all. So the people were fine with this kind of support and were still regarded as vegetarians. . When the first British vegan cookery book No Animal Food by Rupert H. Wheldon appeared in 1910 containing 100 recipes and two essays on why eating animal food was not a good idea, the Vegetarian Societys sympathetic reviewer echoed similar comments: this is undoubtedly a point demanding the attention of vegetariansThe recipes show that it is not at all impossible to obtain a variety of palatable dishes without recourse to either eggs or milk. http://www.ivu.org/news/3-98/vegsocuk.html Developments and future trends in the vegetarian society BY 1970 to 1980 there was an increasing interest among the vegetarian society and people started demonstrating the benefits of being through magazines, cookery books, teaching and skills .courses through professional chefs. Few societies have introduced the national vegetarian week in order to promote the vegetarian dishes and make people realise the benefits of being vegetarian. There have been many exhibitions such as national vegetarian congress held in paris on October 20 1899 and also Brighton vegan fare 2009 to create awareness among the people about the benefits of being vegetarian Restaurants are trying various ways to impress people by innovating lot many dishes in vegetarian menu. There is nothing wrong in eating meat but people just want to try something new and it can also be just a plane reason to be vegetarian. There is nothing wrong in eating meat by figures show that people are converting themselves to vegetarian more often, surely there could be any reason but it might be beneficial for them in some way. . The figures are as follows There are currently about four million vegetarians in the UK, representing some seven per cent of the population. Amongst younger people, that figure rises to 12 per cent. It is estimated that a remarkable 41 per cent of people in the UK are now including far less meat in their diet. In the UK alone, approximately five thousand people each week are choosing to give meat a miss and join the veggie revolution. If such trends were to continue, it is estimated that by the year 2030 everyone in the UK will be a vegetarian. http://www.vegsoc.org/news/2000/21cv/introduction.html As per this saying i wont agree as some people still like to eat meat all the time and it is impossible up to certain extent as people are trying new techniques and methods to improve the taste of the food by constantly changing the menu, getting customers feedback, organizing exhibitions, getting comments and feedback from people as what extra could have been done . . As per the assumptions show above we can expect more demand of vegetarian food which in turn would force people to open vegan or purely vegetarian restaurants in the future. And some of them are -Wild Ginger in Harrogate and Hitchcocks in Hull, Yorkshire; Black Bos in Edinburgh; West 13th in Glasgow More Indians and Asians entering United Kingdom premises is creating a demand in vegetarian food which again is making difference to vegetarian figures Recipes of Vega based products has developed same as meat based products. Restaurants are making lot of changes in there menus as business is demanding for vegetarian food. We are getting vegetarian foods in supermarkets which have omega 3 which is most of the time not there in vegetarian food so we can make out that people are getting more options which is again increasing the demand . The lifestyle is also making a lot of difference in the eating habits people eating more of junk food and they dont eat the food properly they are working as well as eating without any concentration which is affecting them .. Our body is less resistance to things these days so people prefer to have vegetarian dishes and it could have many reason, health issues, and allergies. Its basically people have got options Disadvantages and Advantages of being vegetarian Being vegetarian does not necessarily means that it is good it also has lots of problems involved and these are some of the examples More vegetarian food in demand need more labelling but the labelling in supermarkets does not specify what king of vegetarian product that is for e.g. lacto vegetarian à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. It would always state suitable for vegetarian but a vegan would not know it. Vegetarian by products come form fungi which is again harmful for someone as someone might be allergic to it and it does not state in the vegetarian dishes all the time. Some food products contain meat by products but we still show them vegetarian. For e.g. some products have gluten which is an animal product but we still show vegetarian product. (BREAKING TRADE RELATION). Some people are allergic to lot much food stuff which again makes them vegetarian which is also not a positive sign. Sodium and salt consumed in more quantity could be more harmful. When we cook food or cut vegetables we are destroying vitamins and by the time we eat the food it almost does not exists. Nutrients vary in vegetarian and meat based products for e.g. 100 grams of meat and 100grams of vegetables cooked or not cooked would not give the same proportion of nutrients. The proportion is not the same. The digestion varies as well digesting meat take more time than vegetarian. So it does make a difference. The following diagram show the vegan food pyramid and explain a benefits of vegetarian diet. Reference www.veganfoodpyramid.com/ By looking at the food pyramid we can make out what has to be consumed and in what proportion but it is very tricky question as it also depends on your age and kind of work the person is doing for e.g. If we burn more calories we need to have more of energy and if we dont work we dont need to have more calories intake. After looking at the pyramid we can make out that the lower part of the pyramid is the one which we should eat more which includes fruits and vegetables as it contains more of fibres and the vegetables have more of vitamins in them The second part of the pyramid shows that we need to have moderate amount of wheat and wheat products as they provide us starch and carbohydrates which is also good for our body . The third part of the pyramid shows us dairy and pulses which again gives us lots of vitamins ,proteins and minerals , as we all know eating neat also helps us in protein intake but we need to make sure that the food we eat has be digestible and it should also be helpful to our digestion system The fourth art of the pyramid shows us about the fats that u be used in very less amount , we know that we need some amount of fat in our body up to a certain extent but if more is consumed it will again lead to heart diseases . so it is very important to make sure that whatever we make it has to be in the right proportion and after all this we need to make sure that we consume atleast 8 to 10 glasses of water are body majorly has water . Being vegetarian does not mean eating fruits and vegetables we have different categories in vegetarian society. In vegetarian society we still have optional food items that are consumed b the people for e.g.- a vegetarian person can avoid eating egg as it is also a source of animal product which a person would not be comfortable with so for this reason we have divided vegetarian people in 6 different categories and they are LACTO- OVO LACTO VEGAN JAINISM RAW VEGAN/RAW FOOD DIET Lacto -ovomost of vegetarian people did not like eating meat as they could not see the suffering of animals so they avoided eating meat but they were fine eating egg and egg products but not meat ,fish and seafood .They were fine eating animals products until and unless if they were not killed like dairy products which come through animals Lacto These people are the other way around they can consume dairy products like milk, cheese, butter but not eggs. In this case the animal gelatine can also be avoided by getting special kind of products for e.g. -gluten free bread and products which are gluten free or gelatine free. Vegan These are completely different from the other two. they dont prefer any animal or its by product they are purely vegetarian ,no eggs and no dairy products , everything that they eat has to be animal free .they have very less option when it comes to food and these people need to make sure that they need to get all kinds and nutrients from limited sources of food . for e.g.-vegan people has no means of getting b12 in the food list but then some food companies made sure that the cereals or cornflakes that they eat should have b12 in it . Janism- These are the kind of people which are like vegan which dont prefer any animal or it by product and adding on to that they do not prefer to eat food products that is grown under the ground as they think that micro organism underground might have contaminated the food. And these include onion, potatoes; they are fine with the products which grow above the ground level. These are the kind of the vegetarian people that exists to day. We will talk about the nutritional value which is concerned with the vegetarian food. We all know meat and meat products has lots of vitamins and minerals and fat that is required for our day to day activities but all these nutrients can also be obtained by vegetarian products, here the brief idea as to what ingredients give the kind of nutrients. These are the form of energies that we get from the food products basically from vegetarian food. Proteins -it has been said that women needs about 45g of proteins per day and men needs about 55g of protein per day and it has been also said that excessive protein can lead to degenerative diseases which can create a lot of problems -http://www.eatwell.gov.uk/asksam/healthydiet/fiasandshellfishq/ Soya products, milk products, wheat, pulses, cereals, free range eggs these are the products which contain lots of protein in them and which should be consumed in certain quantity. Protein is basically found in meat and meat products and it is found lesser in non animals products provided if u are a vegetarian we need to make sure that we should get all kind of proteins from vegetarian products. The very most important thing that we need to make sure is the difference between the essential and non essential protein, the non essential proteins are the one that can be assembled by the essential protein but the essential protein cannot be assembled by itself. Lack of protein can affect our body by lack of energy, obsiety, hair loss and sleeping problems. From the vegetarian point of view, getting protein is not a big problem as we have many vegetarian foods which has good amount of protein in it, thought the vegetarian diet may not have all the essential proteins and i also depends on each person eating habits. For e.g. a vegan may not have all the proteins as they are limited to certain food which is again a big problem. Fats- Although people have a concept in their mind that fat is not good for health which is wrong up to a certain extent we need fat in our body but in a certain limit as it protects our some vital organs of our body from shock and pressure .the sources of fats are oil, nuts, dairy and dairy products .30% of calories should be from fat and protein cannot be converted into fats. There are two types of fat poly-saturated and mono-unsaturated fat and both the combination of these fats makes unsaturated fat and these are primarily found in vegetarian products. Olive and canola oil is very important oil when it comes to health. Triglycerides and trans fat are the kind of fat that are used fir taste but it is not good for our health and is creating heart diseases .it has been said that the food cannot be cooked without fat but it should be used in minimum quantity. In the UK, people consume on average about 10g per day of linoleic acid, found in around nine level teaspoons of polyunsaturated mar garine or three teaspoons of sunflower oil. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8161616.stm From the vegetarian points of view, getting fat is very easy as we have fat is many vegetarian foods like oil, dairy and dairy products but any fat consumed should be in less quantity as it may have effects on our health and as we have discussed the future trends people are very much concerned about their health so they prefer eating less fat. And vegetable fats are mostly unsaturated .we also get oil in the supermarket which has omega 3 in it and which is very important for a vegan as vegan cannot have dairy products . Carbohydrates -these are the form of energy which is also required to a body and the simple source of carbohydrate is sugar. We need carbohydrate as it provides s energy gradually but it has been said that over consumption of carbohydrate can lead to obesity. Different sources of carbohydrate are rye bread, wheat bread, potatoes. Any food that name ends with ose has sugar in it like lactose (milk), fructose (fruits) is considered to be a carbohydrate and if excess is consumed it will be converted into fat easily 2 types of carbohydrate Good one fruits and vegetables and grains /Bad one potatoes, pastas, pastries, direct sugar . Excessive sugar can also lead to diabetics which can be a big problem so we need to make sure that we should consume limited amount of carbohydrate. From the vegetarian point of view, carbohydrate are found in many plants foods like cereals ,barley ,oats and also fruits . The World Health Organisation recommends that 50-70% of energy should come from complex carbohydrates. But it also depends on the eating pattern from person to person. MINERALS minerals help our body to grow, there are some minerals that are found in our body, it has been said that beef has lots of iron which is very good for our health but since we are talking about the vegetarian products we need to mention the vegetarian dishes through which we can get the minerals for e.g. Green leafy vegetables, orange juice, wheat and oats, tomatoes, banana, oranges There are different kinds of mineral those iron, zinc, iodine, calcium and all these minerals play a very important roles in our life for e.g. iron is good for our brains and growth, calcium is good for our teeths muscle and bones ,potassium is good for our skin ,zinc is good for fighting illness and germs . Calcium- green leafy vegetables nuts and seeds Iron- dried fruits, green leafy vegetables Zinc- cereals and green leafy vegetables Iodine -sea vegetables these are certain vital minerals that are required for the growth of a body and we can find all these minerals from vegetarian food items. As from the above explanation we know that vegetables are good source of minerals and we can get them in the right quantity . http://www.vegsoc.org/info/basic-nutrition.html http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/minerals.html# Vitamins and minerals information sheet Vitamin A- good for healthy skin-carrots, spinach, watercress, margarine Vitamin B2-breaking down the carbohydrate -Brazil nuts, rice, oatmeal, flour, sunflower seeds Vitamin b3-for nervous system -peanut, mushroom, sesame seeds Vitamin b6-red blood cell formations and protein metabolism -hazelnuts, banana, peanuts Vitamin b12-red blood cell formations -herbal soft drinks, breakfast cereals Vitamin c -bones, teeth, gums -citrus foods, spinach, berries Vitamin d For absorption of minerals for healthy bones-dairy products and margarine. Vitamin e Acts as an antioxidant protecting vitamins A and C- vegetable oil, avocadoes Vitamin k -for blood clotting spinach, cabbage and cauliflower Minerals Iron- component of haemoglobin -green leafy vegetables Sodium and potassium maintain bodys water balance -salt, root vegetables and cereals Calcium-for bones and teeth-green leafy vegetables, soya milks Magnesium-strong bones and enzymes -found in plant food deficiency is very rare Sulphur -play a good role in enzyme system found very rare http://www.vegsoc.org/info/vitmineral.html Protein Protein intake is also one the most important factors. Being vegetarian does not mean that we lack protein as it is found in most of the plants and vegetarian dishes .protein once consumed are broken down to amino acids during digestion and are then absorbed by the human body. Certain amino acids are made by the human body itself but some proteins are required by a specific diet the eight essential amino acids required by humans are: leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and lysine. For children, histidine is also considered to be an essential amino acid.. http://www.vegsoc.org/info/protein.html Generally proteins are required for health and growth .they are very important as they help the structural support of our body. The sources of proteins are nuts, seeds, pulses soya milk and products, milk cheese and yoghurt. The conclusion of this whole project is to spread the awareness among the people for being vegetarian .Eating non vegetarian food as no side effects its just person concepts towards eating . Other than this people think that eating vegetarian food would really help them in positive manner and it would be fair to human as well as animals. and it has been said to save the planet we need to stop killing animals and start eating vegetarian food which can also impact our environment .when it comes to physical fitness , health related people have always preferred to be vegetarian as it has no side effects to our body and the habits of eating . In the past few years we have also seen people trying to force the production of meat based animals which is in turn affecting us , as government has taken some measures to improve it and people are still eating meat but again its just a person concept towards eating vegetarian and non vegetarian food .

The Scottsboro Trials Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine being a black teenager in the south amid the great depression. It was hard enough for whites to find jobs during this time; I can’t even begin to fathom what it would be like being black seeking a job. Many blacks sought hoboing as a common pastime seeing it as an adventure to get them from one small job to another. And this is where the story of the Scottsboro Boys begins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aboard a southern railroad car was a young black youth named Haywood Patterson. He clutched to the side of the car as it careened back and forth over the rusty tracks. Across the top of the car walked a young white man. Every time this man would walk past Patterson he would step on his fingers. Patterson finally said to the man, â€Å"whenever you need to get through, tell me and I will move my hand†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The young man believed that he did not have to ask someone to move their hands, especially a nigger. This outraged him and he began to shout obscenities and racial slurs at Patterson. Soon after, a stone throwing fight erupted between the white hobos and the black hobos that were riding on the train. All but one white youth was forced of the train by the rocks. This white youth named Orville Gilley was pulled back on. The train itself was picking up speed and Gilley could have gotten killed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A local stationmaster was told the â€Å"attack† by the white hobos that had been thrown off of the train. This stationmaster wired ahead to the next stationmaster to let him know of the situation. As the train slowed down and came to a stop in Paint Rock, Alabama, those that were accused of the future crime had no telling what they were going to be up against. Once in Paint Rock, 9 black youths were rounded up, tied together and taken to prison in Scottsboro Al. Here the boys were placed in a jail cell awaiting their charges. Little did they know an additional charge was going to be added that never even crossed their minds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While in Paint Rock 2 young women greeted the Posse that came to round up the men from the train. One of these women (Victoria Price) told the posse that she had been raped by a gang of 12 blacks with pistols and knives (Linder, n.d.).They were escorted into the jail so that Victoria could point out her attackers. Here she claimed 6 of the 9 men had raped her. T... ...oys found their way out of Alabama (Linder, n.d.).Andy Wright was the last to leave Alabama in 1950. Some of the boys wrote books on their experiences. The case showed just how indifferent jurors were in the south during the 1930’s, how two women could ruin the lives of 9 men and how politically minded everyone was involved in the trial. The Scottsboro Trials was the only case in history of the US that produced the most trials, convictions, reversals and retrials. In the end this case allowed juries to be open to blacks and helped to ease racial tensions in both the south and north. Reference List Goodman, J. (1994). Stories of Scottsboro; The rape case that shocked 1930’s America and revived the struggle for equality. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. Norris, C., & Washington, C. D. (1979). The Last of the Scottsboro Boys an Autobiography. Toronto, Canada: Putnam Books. Linder, D.O. (n.d). The Trials of the Scottsboro Boys. Retrieved March 14, 2005, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_acct.html PBS. (1999-2000). Scottsboro Timeline. Retrieved March 27, 2005, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/scottsboro/timeline/index.html The Scottsboro Trials Essay -- essays research papers Imagine being a black teenager in the south amid the great depression. It was hard enough for whites to find jobs during this time; I can’t even begin to fathom what it would be like being black seeking a job. Many blacks sought hoboing as a common pastime seeing it as an adventure to get them from one small job to another. And this is where the story of the Scottsboro Boys begins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aboard a southern railroad car was a young black youth named Haywood Patterson. He clutched to the side of the car as it careened back and forth over the rusty tracks. Across the top of the car walked a young white man. Every time this man would walk past Patterson he would step on his fingers. Patterson finally said to the man, â€Å"whenever you need to get through, tell me and I will move my hand†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The young man believed that he did not have to ask someone to move their hands, especially a nigger. This outraged him and he began to shout obscenities and racial slurs at Patterson. Soon after, a stone throwing fight erupted between the white hobos and the black hobos that were riding on the train. All but one white youth was forced of the train by the rocks. This white youth named Orville Gilley was pulled back on. The train itself was picking up speed and Gilley could have gotten killed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A local stationmaster was told the â€Å"attack† by the white hobos that had been thrown off of the train. This stationmaster wired ahead to the next stationmaster to let him know of the situation. As the train slowed down and came to a stop in Paint Rock, Alabama, those that were accused of the future crime had no telling what they were going to be up against. Once in Paint Rock, 9 black youths were rounded up, tied together and taken to prison in Scottsboro Al. Here the boys were placed in a jail cell awaiting their charges. Little did they know an additional charge was going to be added that never even crossed their minds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While in Paint Rock 2 young women greeted the Posse that came to round up the men from the train. One of these women (Victoria Price) told the posse that she had been raped by a gang of 12 blacks with pistols and knives (Linder, n.d.).They were escorted into the jail so that Victoria could point out her attackers. Here she claimed 6 of the 9 men had raped her. T... ...oys found their way out of Alabama (Linder, n.d.).Andy Wright was the last to leave Alabama in 1950. Some of the boys wrote books on their experiences. The case showed just how indifferent jurors were in the south during the 1930’s, how two women could ruin the lives of 9 men and how politically minded everyone was involved in the trial. The Scottsboro Trials was the only case in history of the US that produced the most trials, convictions, reversals and retrials. In the end this case allowed juries to be open to blacks and helped to ease racial tensions in both the south and north. Reference List Goodman, J. (1994). Stories of Scottsboro; The rape case that shocked 1930’s America and revived the struggle for equality. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. Norris, C., & Washington, C. D. (1979). The Last of the Scottsboro Boys an Autobiography. Toronto, Canada: Putnam Books. Linder, D.O. (n.d). The Trials of the Scottsboro Boys. Retrieved March 14, 2005, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_acct.html PBS. (1999-2000). Scottsboro Timeline. Retrieved March 27, 2005, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/scottsboro/timeline/index.html

It is in description Essay

1.The Salon was extremely important for artists wanting to establish their reputations. How do artists address that same challenge today? For all its pomp and popularity, the manner in which The Salon aids in establishing artists mainly through the same way that people seek to establish themselves in today’s modern times; finding a means to showcase one’s works to as many people as possible. This was answered by The Salon by providing a grounds that had no parallel in popularity, hence reaching multitudes of audiences at any given year. Nowadays, with the absence of such tightly-knit cultural circles such as those in the visual art field, modern technology allows for artists to reach out and display their works for al to see, in an even more convenient way – through the internet. There are websites that host image displays, allowing artists to create a portfolio that is easily accessible and available at any time at their whims. Given time and popularity, one may even venture out into creating one’s own website for the purpose of galleries and whatnot. 2. How did art reflect the period’s preoccupation with science? At the time, architecture was already undergoing a transformation due to the influence of neoclassicism. However the biggest reflection of science in art during this period was the introduction of the Industrial Revolution which took place from the 18th century to the 19th century. This reflected in art pieces and such, showing the change taking place not only in art but in the development of mankind in a way where artists are somehow likened to historians, keeping tabs on the development of man 3. How did revolution influence art in the eighteenth century? What revolutions are influencing art today? Art in the 18th century were influenced deeply by the French Revolution as political and structural change we being implemented left and right. These changes found their way into art as well, for the change in society is often reflected in art through means descriptive of change as well. Not only was it the French Revolution that affected art in this way, but the Industrial Revolution as well. Nowadays, art is being greatly influenced by the digital revolution, wherein visual art is created through computers. 4. Neoclassicism was popular in Europe and the United States. (Just take a look at the government buildings in Washington, D. C.) Why was the style so appealing? What did the builders expect the style to express? Why do we think it represents us? Neoclassicism became very popular in the United States as well as in Europe for the fact that it allows one culture to honor their traditions in architecture, paying proper homage to that which had been developed by their forefathers, meanwhile allowing a bit of leeway enough to alter these traditions in manners unoffensive to the past. May of those who sought to incorporate this style in building were able to do so, honoring traditional values and developing current ones. It is deemed to represent us so aptly as it is important for one people to respect and honor and especially remember their heritage. 1. Technology radically changed 19th century architecture. What are some of the changes that modern technology has brought to architecture? How do those changes make our lives easier? How do those changes make our lives easier? How do they sometimes complicate our lives? With the introduction of innovation, most often the perception of man that has endured for so long – often as long as it took since the last revolutionary technology – takes a drastic overhaul; a major if not total restructuring or reinventing of tried and tested theories as well as practices. The art field is no different. With the introduction of modern techniques, from brushes to pens to digital media, art has undergone many transitions from one media to another, and from one technology to the next. Architecture, for example, has made developmental leaps and bounds through time as proved by the wildly varied architectural styles from different periods. Even as we enter the modern age, architecture continually develops to suit the needs of the current societal trends as well as tastes. Modern technology made it possible for new concepts in architecture to arise such as use of materials that treat the air around it, and conveniences such as with durable materials that remain lightweight yet sturdy. Advancements in modern technology have made it convenient to set into stone concepts that would not have been possible before. However, some of these concepts that up until recently had not been possible also allowed the creation of other architectural experiments that serve no true purpose than to prove its possibility, at the cost of practicality. 2. Why were historical styles popular in the 19th century? What did artists and architects hope to achieve by executing those styles in new materials? From the year 1800 until the end of the century in the coming of the year 1900, many architectural styles had grown in fame as well as practitioners, 19th century Victorian architecture in the land of Glasgow, Scotland, for example, is one of the more popular historical architectural styles of the century. It had reached its climax in popularity during 1817 – 1875 and was used to denote a grand sophistication about the structures at the time. It symbolized the boldness as well as the audacity and wealthiness of the people of Glasgow and even now, with the incorporation of the styles, it showcases the grandeur and bravura and pride within one’s self. 3. Baudelaire urged artists to paint the â€Å"heroism of modern life.† How do painters and sculptors address that challenge today? Why do artists still think it’s important to do? Charles Baudelaire’s concept of â€Å"The Heroism of Modern Life† was one he so boldly ventured forth in doing as presented in Salon of 1846. Nevertheless, there are still quite many artists who see it fit to tackle such sensitive matters in the way Charles Baudelaire did: blatantly painting a picture of despair and misery, all the time extending the factors of hope and mystery. This is deemed important by many artists of today especially in the trying, troubling times that beplague humanity today to show that no matter what adversity we may face, there will always be hope. 4. When photography was first invented, artists claimed it wasn’t art because it was a mechanical process. What inventions are available to create visual images that people do not consider to be art? Why do artists still use them? The classification of photography by most visual art purists as a field unfitting of the term art stem from their perception of visual art as something that has to be rendered solely by the hands of the artist. As such they tend to discriminate against photography, wherein the images captured themselves may have long been around to have not been rendered or created by the photographer. However, the fact that photographers are   able to create visually appealing photographs are often the results of their development of various artistic talents; mastery of composition, knowledge of depths, and a keen eye for that which although seemingly mundane may be captured on film in such a way that exudes aesthetically pleasing qualities, hence should be considered art. In the same sense, these artistic purists also look down upon those who are able to create art through means that may be easily reproduced. Art trades such as the use of typography, mosaics, stencils, and the like are easily dismissed as not art or at least a lower form of it. What is often overlooked with these said fields – including photography – is that the conceptualization alone of these images is already an art in itself, let alone the execution and process of putting these said ideas into visual imagery. Thus artists continue to use these as they do not necessarily hamper one’s artistry, but rather opens new opportunities to expand the possibilities of visual creation.

Supply Chain Management The WritePass Journal

Supply Chain Management Introduction – Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Introduction – Supply Chain ManagementAbstract of CourseworkLogistics Green LogisticsSustainable Logistics in Accessories ServicesEnvironmental ManagementLogistics costsReducing the social cost in transport operations by sustainable logisticsConclusion StatementReferencesRelated Introduction – Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management is process of managing and developing both way relationships with the customers and the suppliers to deliver the needs, wants and customers value at low cost and environmental free to the supply chain. Christopher (1998) Abstract of Coursework The coursework considers Toyota Motor European sustainable green logistics as an idea can be used as element of supply chain approach. The main objective of logistics is to manage activities in such a way that meets consumer requirements at least amount. As fear for the atmosphere rises, companies must take more account of the logistics associated with climate change, air contamination and. Hitchcock and Willard (2008), Sustainability is a business development and many organizations are pursuing it, in order to get more success than others. This coursework considers importance of create a plan to practice sustainability inside logistic of companies. The most central strategy is logistics development because includes all aspects concerned is characterization of the strategy involves the supply, production, distribution and reaches final client. In above all we are concerned in techniques that consider both financial (gold) and ecological (green) criteria at the same time. Logistics Green Logistics Logistics Logistics is the included organization of all the activities mandatory to move products through the deliver chain. For a representative product this supply chain extends from a raw material starting place through the production and distribution structure to the end of consumption and the linked reverse logistics. The logistical activities consist of freight transport, storage space, inventory management, resources handling and all the related information dealing out. Green Logistics The Green or Sustainable Supply Chain is a method which is looking to reduce a product or services ecological track (BearingPoint 2008). The idea covers all the phases of a products life cycle, from the taking out of raw materials through the design, manufacture and delivery phases, to the use of the product by customers and their ultimate disposal of same. (Rodrique JP 2001) Sustainable Logistics It means a practice to define strategy from a value generate, because requires account reduced consumption of raw materials and release, lucidity levels, social and green responsibility, expansion of new technologies and gather the needs of the marketplace and the society in which it operates. This provides a set of activities in the supply chain and value. Hitchcock e Willard (2008). Components of Logistics The most common components of the logistics are Logistic services Information systems Infrastructure and resources Logistic Services Logistic services hold the movement of materials and products from input from side to side production to customers as well as linked waste discarding and reverse flows. Most activities of logistics services are two way directional. Information Systems It includes modelling and administration of decision making and important issues are tracking and tracing. It provides essential data and discussion in each step of the interaction among logistic services and the objective stations Infrastructure and Resources Infrastructure comprises human resources, economic resources, wrapping materials, warehouse, transport and communication. Case Study Toyota Motor European (TME) Sustainable Logistics Abstract Toyota Motor European Case Study Toyota stress changes from acceptance of tools such as Lean Thinking, especially in logistics processes. In terms of sustainable logistics, corporation focuses on greater elasticity in transport operations, specifically in Toyota Motor European, since the transportation sector is responsible for upsetting the environment, being the main cause of CO2 emissions. Methodology for Designing Implementing Green Logistics In this focus, to companies build up new sustainable strategies that means changes and results to the company, by environment, communal and financial benefits. Toyota motors follow the following strategy to implement green sustainable logistics Revolutionary environmental technologies such as hybrid (petrol and electric) drive systems Developing a extended range of vehicles motorized by fuel efficient gasoline and cleans diesel engines Reducing the environmental contact of all their operations Minimizing the natural resources used in manufacture and maximizing recycling and reuse Work with local communities to improve the quality of the environment. The need for these investments is established in recent study by the International Panel Climate Change (IPCC, 2009), as well as the sustainability story of Toyota Motor Europe, which shows that nearly a quarter of CO2 emissions in the world comes from haulage activities, where it is found that eighty per cent of production come from cars. Therefore, TME monitors the efficiency of their logistics operations and methods continually to make sure the most excellent solutions are being used at all times to diminish such problems. Sustainable Logistics in Accessories Services In 2004, Toyota began to measure the collective data of CO2 emissions to spot areas where it can make discharge reductions. To share services and accessories logistics, such achievement resulted in improvements in effectiveness and capacity and haulage modes. Increased extra-large trailers use, which allowed carrying bigger capacity by lorry; Alter the route to fast supply parts This point of view of Toyota shows the sustainable background is predictable in companies and is the foundation of their concerns about the green and social resources. Thus, the structure shaped is necessary to hold up the change and take delivery of the sustainable logistics approach. Environmental Management It is the way to companies become sustainable and creates value to customers. The TME approach to sustainability of three key aspects: environment, finances and social, represents the live out plan in companies, to get costs and resources decrease, and competitiveness. Logistics costs It is essential to think about expenses and aggressive to work on sustainable logistics, by optimizing the use of resources, such as the reduction of energy utilization and waste. In logistics, the total cost associated with the inventory consists of the following Cost connected with inventory as received stock level Service costs Insurance cost Risk costs, consisting of price associated with deterioration and damage Cost related with scrap and revise Cost associated with deficiency of inventory. Reducing the social cost in transport operations by sustainable logistics A factor to be well thought-out is the social and green cost of transport process. Breaks down the accomplishment of measures to reduce the social costs of freight transport in a widespread way as part of cost logistically to the goals of fewer impacts to the public. Conclusion Statement The sustainable green logistics is attitude trade management that stays in understanding of this is a complex perception, multidimensional, that cannot be functional by a single corporate action and the creation of sustainable value requires that we take into account one of the drivers, either by sinking the utilization of raw materials and pollution, control with broader levels of precision and responsibility, expansion new technologies and meet the needs of those who are in the bottom of the pyramid of planet earnings. A sustainability strategy should not only lead the activities growth and skills but also a form of business association with suppliers, customers, vendors, shareholders and stakeholders. By the illustration of Toyota Motor European (TM E), sustainable logistics means the upgrading performance of all logistics operations, in a trade environment of rapid growth. This conception includes the supply chain management, manufacture process, stakeholders and cores. It can be concluded that sustainable green logistics makes it uncomplicated pro-active monitoring of the administration of waste in processes, which are key to achieving a high level of sustainable routine in transport operations. Thus, Toyota is a big example, to show that how to implement sustainable logistics, in your manufacture processes, that includes environment, finances and societal costs and possessions, involved by a effort system care with environment, public, business and chain as a part of one organization. References BearingPoint (2008) Supply Chain Monitor How mature is the Green Supply Chain? Christopher, M. (1998) Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Hitchcock. D, Willard .M. (2008), The step-by-step guide to sustainability planning. IPCC (2009). International Panel Climate Change. Liker, J. K.Meier (2007), D. Toyota Talent. New York: M cGraw-Hill 2007. Rodrique, J.P, Slack(2001), Green Logistics.

Estimates of Taxes Paid by Undocumented Immigrants

Estimates of Taxes Paid by Undocumented Immigrants The generally-held belief that undocumented immigrants pay no income tax is generally incorrect. The fact is that many undocumented immigrants find ways to pay both federal income and payroll taxes even though they might not have a Social Security number and even if they are working illegally. According to estimates by the nonpartisan American Immigration Council, households headed by illegal immigrants paid a combined $11.2 billion in state and local taxes during 2010. Based on estimates compiled by the Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy, the American Immigration Council reported that the $11.2 billion in taxes paid by illegal immigrants in 2010 included $8.4 billion in sales taxes, $1.6 billion in property taxes and $1.2 billion in state personal income taxes. In spite of the fact that they lack legal status, these immigrants and their family members are adding value to the U.S. economy; not only as taxpayers, but as workers, consumers, and entrepreneurs as well, states the  American Immigration Council. Why Would an Undocumented Immigrant Pay Taxes? While it is true that many undocumented immigrants who are illegally paid â€Å"under the table,† for their work do not pay taxes on their income, many others choose to pay income tax hoping that doing so will eventually become American citizens. While evidence for this is largely anecdotal, several attempts at comprehensive immigration reform legislation over the last decade, including S.744- the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act, have contained provisions listing attributes such as â€Å"good moral character† and â€Å"paying back taxes† as requirements for obtaining citizenship. Should such an immigration reform bill ever become law, undocumented immigrants could use a provable history of paying taxes as one way to show good faith and moral character.   Which States Got the Most? According to the American Immigration Council, California led all states in taxes from households headed by undocumented immigrants, at $2.7 billion in 2010. Other states gleaning significant revenue from taxes paid by illegal immigrants included Texas ($1.6 billion), Florida ($806.8 million), New York ($662.4 million), and Illinois ($499.2 million).Note: While California may have realized $2.7 billion from taxes paid by undocumented  immigrants in 2010, a 2004 report by the Federation for American Immigration Reform showed that California spends over $10.5 billion annually on the education, health care and incarceration of its illegal immigrant population. Where Did They Get These Figures? In coming up with its estimate of $11.2 billion in annual taxes paid by undocumented  immigrants, the Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy say it relied on: 1) an estimate of each states unauthorized population; 2) the average family income for unauthorized immigrants, and 3) state-specific tax payments.Estimates of the undocumented  or unauthorized population of each state came from the Pew Hispanic Center and Census 2010. According to the Pew Center, an estimated 11.2 million undocumented immigrants lived in the U.S. during 2010. The average annual income for households headed by an illegal alien was estimated at $36,000, of which about 10% is sent to support family members in countries of origin. The Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy (ITEP) and the American Immigration Council  assume  undocumented immigrants actually pay these taxes because: Sales tax is automatic, so it is assumed that unauthorized residents would pay sales tax at similar rates to U.S. citizens and legal immigrants with similar income levels. Similar to sales tax, property taxes are hard to avoid, and unauthorized immigrants are assumed to pay the same property taxes as others with the same income level. ITEP assumes that most unauthorized immigrants are renters, and only calculates the taxes paid by renters. Income tax contributions by the unauthorized population are less comparable to other populations because many unauthorized immigrants work off the books and income taxes are not automatically withheld from their paychecks. ITEP conservatively estimates that 50 percent of unauthorized immigrants are paying income taxes. But One Big Disclaimer Looms There is no question that undocumented  immigrants do pay some taxes. As the American Immigration Council  correctly points out, sales taxes and property taxes as a component of rent are basically unavoidable, no matter a persons citizenship status. However, when the U.S. Census Bureau so emphatically states that illegal immigrants are the most difficult individuals for them to locate and count in the decennial census, any figure as elusive as the total taxes they pay must be considered a very rough estimate. In fact, the  American Immigration Council acknowledges this fact by adding the following disclaimer:Of course, it is difficult to know precisely how much these families pay in taxes because the spending and income behavior of these families is not as well documented as is the case for U.S. citizens. But these estimates represent a sensible best approximation of the taxes these families likely pay.

PMI analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PMI analysis - Essay Example Another positive aspect of Attia’s presentation is that towards the end of the presentation, he informs us that an effective team of medical researchers is already attempting to establish the true relationship between obesity and insulin resistance (TED 2013). Attia’s presentation is noted to have a number of negative aspects some of which include the fact that Attia does not make the use of visual aids to help the audience to better understand it. Another negative aspect of the presentation is that although Attia presents an alternative theory to understanding obesity and insulin resistance, he however does not have any empirical evidence to support his postulations. In the presentation, Attia informs us that a number of medical researchers are working on different theories to establish the relationship obesity and insulin he however fails to inform us of his actual position in the whole debate (TED 2013). The presentation is interesting as it provides more information on insulin resistance. It is also interesting as Attia suggests a different outlook on insulin resistance that challenges the current conventional understanding of the condition. At the end of the presentation, Attia takes time to apologize to the women that he feels that he let down at the start of his medical career (TED 2013). Attia’s presentation is quite interesting as it presents a different outlook into the question of the currently existing relationship between obesity and insulin resistance. However, I believe that the presentation would have been made more interesting if it had encompassed the use of a short PowerPoint presentation in addition to having some concrete evidence. Shawn Achor’s presentation on the happiness advantage has a number of advantages key of which is that it is generally a humorous presentation that is able to greatly engage the

Should more information be provided on food labels Essay

Should more information be provided on food labels - Essay Example For example, the nutrition facts that are provided on a breakfast cereal would mostly comprise of minerals and vitamins. However, should this be all it contains or is there a necessity for improving on it? To argue out this effectively, an appropriate stance would be that of affirmative being that much of the products bought need to accurately represent the true nature of their contents. This is because it will effectively enable consumers make informed decisions on the right type of product to buy depending on their nutritional needs.2 The sense in this is that just because a particular food item contains much of vitamins implies that it is the most appropriate as it could contain other contents not revealed. As such, producers need to include other labels on the products. Consequently, this can be possibly enhanced when a consumer is able to eat healthily due to the act of choosing the right type of food even after sampling most of the so as to get the right nutrient content.3 Healthy living can only be enhanced by the adoption of an item whose food label is richly justified; thus, a greater reason why food labels should be enriched with more information. Another factor that would be argued out in this perspective is that a good food label would enhance caution among consumers especially when they note that it contains an additive (allergen) they don’t need (Weirich 2007, 117-121). In this, the producer is obliged to provide all these information and evade liability for harm caused by any of such when used by a consumer. If this information is hid, then the consumer may not make a right choice and end up being harmed by the hidden content that was not revealed in the food label.4 A third factor is that, with more information on food labels, a consumer is able to identify the serving size of the item for consumption, and the number of servings that are contained in the product’s single package. This is essential as it helps consumers determine the